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Articles Cosmology Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Expansion Rate of the Early Universe (1980)
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and the Expansion Rate of the Early Universe (1980) |
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(1) This calculation is valid to all orders in 
, but only to lowest order in 
(here 
represents either gauge or scalar coupling). Perturbation theory breaks down when 
, since powers of can be canceled by factors that become infrared divergent when the mass vanishes at . Therefore. equation (3.4) should only be regarded as an estimate. However, we can expect the true critical temperature 
to be in the range 
, where 
is given by equation (3.4). See, e.g., Weinberg (1974) for details.
